The Poland–Japan Foundation presents a new paper by Honorata Dudek-Frysiak, PhD, and Małgorzata Patok, PhD, titled “Robots or Family? Who will Care for Poland’s Ageing Population?”. The paper examines the ongoing transformation of Poland’s elderly care system, driven by rapid demographic decline, low fertility rates, and population ageing. It highlights the weakening of traditional family-based care and explores how emerging technologies—particularly humanoid and assistive robots—can support older adults and help address the growing care gap. Drawing on examples from Japan and European research initiatives, the authors analyze the potential of robotics to enhance independence, safety, and quality of life for seniors.