The Poland–Japan Foundation has published a paper by Anna Wysokińska-Zajchowska, PhD on intercultural communication in Polish–Japanese business. It shows that most challenges come not from language or technology, but from cultural differences in communication and decision-making, which can lead to misunderstandings, delays, and losses. The author also notes that academic training often oversimplifies these issues and highlights the need for practical intercultural competencies to support effective cooperation between Poland and Japan.